Gail Borden (1801–1874) was an American inventor, surveyor, and businessman best known for developing condensed milk, which revolutionized food preservation and nutrition. Born in Norwich, New York, Borden moved to Texas, where he worked as a land surveyor and newspaper publisher before turning to food science. His most significant achievement came in 1853 when he patented a process for condensing milk, allowing it to be stored without refrigeration. This innovation became crucial during the American Civil War, providing a reliable dairy source for soldiers. Borden founded the New York Condensed Milk Company (later Borden, Inc.), which grew into a major dairy industry player. His legacy endures in the Borden brand and its mascot, Elsie the Cow.