Eugène Ionesco was born on November 26, 1909, in Slatina, Romania, though some sources mistakenly list 1912 due to his own playful manipulation of personal details. His father was Romanian, and his mother was of French heritage, giving Ionesco a dual cultural identity that would influence his life and work. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to France, where he spent much of his childhood. However, following his parents' separation, he returned to Romania in 1922 with his father. Ionesco studied French literature at the University of Bucharest, developing a deep connection to both Romanian and French languages and cultures. This bilingual upbringing would later shape his literary voice, as he eventually chose to write primarily in French.
Ionesco’s early career in Romania was marked by his work as a critic and poet. In the 1930s, he published essays and a controversial book of criticism, No (Nu), which critiqued prominent Romanian literary figures. Disenchanted with the nationalist fervor in Romania and seeking intellectual freedom, he moved to France permanently in 1938 on a scholarship to study at the Sorbonne. World War II disrupted his plans, and he spent the war years in Marseille before settling in Paris. It was during this period of displacement and reflection that Ionesco began to explore the absurdity of human existence, a theme that would define his later works.